페이지 새로고침 없이 HTML 폼 제출하기

<form id="page-feedback" action="https://ikiform.com/f/frm_xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx" method="post">
  <fieldset>
    <legend>Was this page helpful?</legend>
    <label><input type="radio" name="helpful" value="yes" required /> Yes</label>
    <label><input type="radio" name="helpful" value="no" /> No</label>
  </fieldset>

  <label for="comment">What was missing?</label>
  <textarea id="comment" name="comment" rows="3" maxlength="2000" aria-describedby="comment-error"></textarea>
  <p id="comment-error" hidden></p>

  <input type="hidden" name="page" />
  <input type="hidden" name="_redirect" value="https://docs.example.com/feedback-sent" />
  <input name="_gotcha" type="text" tabindex="-1" autocomplete="off" hidden />
  <button>Send</button>
  <p id="feedback-status" role="status" tabindex="-1"></p>
</form>

<script type="module" src="/page-feedback.js"></script>

const form = document.querySelector("#page-feedback");
const status = form.querySelector("#feedback-status");
const button = form.querySelector("button");
const pageInput = form.elements.namedItem("page");
const idempotencyKey = crypto.randomUUID();
let sending = false;

pageInput.value = location.href;

function showFieldErrors(fields) {
  for (const input of form.querySelectorAll("[aria-invalid]")) input.removeAttribute("aria-invalid");
  for (const hint of form.querySelectorAll("[id$='-error']")) hint.hidden = true;
  let first = null;
  for (const [name, messages] of Object.entries(fields)) {
    const control = form.elements.namedItem(name);
    const hint = form.querySelector(`#${name}-error`);
    if (control instanceof HTMLElement) control.setAttribute("aria-invalid", "true");
    if (hint) {
      hint.textContent = messages[0];
      hint.hidden = false;
    }
    first ??= control instanceof RadioNodeList ? control[0] : control;
  }
  first?.focus();
}

form.addEventListener("submit", async (event) => {
  event.preventDefault();
  if (sending) return;
  const body = new FormData(form, event.submitter);
  body.set("_idempotency", idempotencyKey);
  sending = true;
  button.setAttribute("aria-disabled", "true");
  status.textContent = "Sending...";

  try {
    const response = await fetch(form.action, {
      method: "POST",
      headers: { Accept: "application/json" },
      body,
      signal: AbortSignal.timeout(15000),
    });
    const result = await response.json();

    if (result.ok) {
      form.replaceChildren(status);
      status.textContent = "Thanks, that helps.";
      status.focus();
      return;
    }
    if (result.error.code === "challenge_required") {
      form.submit();
      return;
    }
    if (result.error.fields) {
      status.textContent = "";
      showFieldErrors(result.error.fields);
    } else if (response.status === 429 && response.headers.has("Retry-After")) {
      const wait = response.headers.get("Retry-After");
      status.textContent = `Too many tries. Wait ${wait} seconds and send again.`;
    } else {
      status.textContent = result.error.message;
    }
  } catch {
    status.textContent = "Couldn't reach the server. Check your connection and send again.";
  } finally {
    sending = false;
    button.removeAttribute("aria-disabled");
  }
});

<iframe name="feedback-sink" hidden></iframe>
<form action="https://ikiform.com/f/frm_xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx" method="post" target="feedback-sink">
  ...
</form>