HTML 폼 제출이 동작하는 방식

<form action="https://ikiform.com/f/frm_xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx" method="post">
  <label for="email">Your email</label>
  <input id="email" name="email" type="email" autocomplete="email" required />

  <label for="page">Page address</label>
  <input id="page" name="page" type="url" required placeholder="https://example.com/pricing" />

  <label for="severity">How bad is it</label>
  <select id="severity" name="severity">
    <option value="cosmetic">Looks wrong</option>
    <option value="broken">Something doesn't work</option>
    <option value="blocking">I can't continue</option>
  </select>

  <label for="details">What happened</label>
  <textarea id="details" name="details" rows="5" minlength="20" maxlength="4000" required></textarea>

  <input type="hidden" name="_redirect" value="https://example.com/report-sent" />
  <input name="_gotcha" type="text" tabindex="-1" autocomplete="off" hidden />
  <button>Send report</button>
</form>

"use server";

import { headers } from "next/headers";

export interface ReportState {
  sent: boolean;
  fields: Record<string, string[]>;
  message: string;
  values: Record<string, string>;
}

const NAMES = ["email", "page", "severity", "details"] as const;

export async function sendReport(_previous: ReportState, formData: FormData): Promise<ReportState> {
  const values = Object.fromEntries(NAMES.map((name) => [name, String(formData.get(name) ?? "").trim()]));
  const origin = (await headers()).get("origin");

  const response = await fetch("https://ikiform.com/f/frm_xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx", {
    method: "POST",
    headers: {
      Accept: "application/json",
      "Content-Type": "application/json",
      Authorization: `Bearer ${process.env.IKIFORM_SECRET_KEY}`,
      ...(origin ? { Origin: origin } : {}),
    },
    body: JSON.stringify({ ...values, _gotcha: String(formData.get("_gotcha") ?? "") }),
  });
  const result = await response.json().catch(() => null);
  if (result?.ok) return { sent: true, fields: {}, message: "Thanks. We'll look at that page today.", values: {} };
  return {
    sent: false,
    fields: result?.error?.fields ?? {},
    message: result?.error?.message ?? "The report didn't go through. Try again.",
    values,
  };
}

"use client";

import { useActionState } from "react";
import { type ReportState, sendReport } from "./actions";

const initial: ReportState = { sent: false, fields: {}, message: "", values: {} };

function FieldError({ id, messages }: { id: string; messages?: string[] }) {
  return messages?.length ? <p id={`${id}-error`}>{messages[0]}</p> : null;
}

export function ReportForm() {
  const [state, action, pending] = useActionState(sendReport, initial);

  if (state.sent) return <p role="status">{state.message}</p>;

  return (
    <form action={action}>
      <label htmlFor="email">Your email</label>
      <input id="email" name="email" type="email" required defaultValue={state.values.email}
        aria-invalid={Boolean(state.fields.email)} aria-describedby="email-error" />
      <FieldError id="email" messages={state.fields.email} />

      <label htmlFor="page">Page address</label>
      <input id="page" name="page" type="url" required defaultValue={state.values.page}
        aria-invalid={Boolean(state.fields.page)} aria-describedby="page-error" />
      <FieldError id="page" messages={state.fields.page} />

      <label htmlFor="severity">How bad is it</label>
      <select id="severity" name="severity" defaultValue={state.values.severity ?? "broken"}>
        <option value="cosmetic">Looks wrong</option>
        <option value="broken">Something doesn't work</option>
        <option value="blocking">I can't continue</option>
      </select>

      <label htmlFor="details">What happened</label>
      <textarea id="details" name="details" rows={5} required minLength={20} defaultValue={state.values.details}
        aria-invalid={Boolean(state.fields.details)} aria-describedby="details-error" />
      <FieldError id="details" messages={state.fields.details} />

      <input name="_gotcha" type="text" tabIndex={-1} autoComplete="off" hidden />
      {state.message ? <p role="alert">{state.message}</p> : null}
      <button disabled={pending}>{pending ? "Sending" : "Send report"}</button>
    </form>
  );
}

import { defineAction } from "astro:actions";
import { getSecret } from "astro:env/server";
import { z } from "astro/zod";

export const server = {
  reportPage: defineAction({
    accept: "form",
    input: z.object({
      email: z.email(),
      page: z.url(),
      severity: z.enum(["cosmetic", "broken", "blocking"]),
      details: z.string().min(20, "Tell us a little more, at least 20 characters."),
      _gotcha: z.string().nullish(),
    }),
    handler: async (input, context) => {
      const origin = context.request.headers.get("origin");
      const response = await fetch("https://ikiform.com/f/frm_xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx", {
        method: "POST",
        headers: {
          Accept: "application/json",
          "Content-Type": "application/json",
          Authorization: `Bearer ${getSecret("IKIFORM_SECRET_KEY")}`,
          ...(origin ? { Origin: origin } : {}),
        },
        body: JSON.stringify(input),
      });
      const result = await response.json();
      if (result.ok) return { sent: true, fields: {} as Record<string, string[]> };
      return { sent: false, fields: (result.error.fields ?? {}) as Record<string, string[]> };
    },
  }),
};

---
import { actions, isInputError } from "astro:actions";

export const prerender = false;

const result = Astro.getActionResult(actions.reportPage);
const fields = result?.error && isInputError(result.error) ? result.error.fields : (result?.data?.fields ?? {});
---

{result?.data?.sent ? (
  <p role="status">Thanks. We'll look at that page today.</p>
) : (
  <form method="POST" action={actions.reportPage}>
    <label for="email">Your email</label>
    <input id="email" name="email" type="email" required />
    {fields.email && <p>{fields.email[0]}</p>}

    <label for="page">Page address</label>
    <input id="page" name="page" type="url" required />
    {fields.page && <p>{fields.page[0]}</p>}

    <label for="severity">How bad is it</label>
    <select id="severity" name="severity">
      <option value="cosmetic">Looks wrong</option>
      <option value="broken" selected>Something doesn't work</option>
      <option value="blocking">I can't continue</option>
    </select>

    <label for="details">What happened</label>
    <textarea id="details" name="details" rows="5" minlength="20" required></textarea>
    {fields.details && <p>{fields.details[0]}</p>}

    <input name="_gotcha" type="text" tabindex="-1" autocomplete="off" hidden />
    <button>Send report</button>
  </form>
)}

import { createFileRoute } from "@tanstack/react-router";
import { createServerFn, useServerFn } from "@tanstack/react-start";
import { getRequestHeader } from "@tanstack/react-start/server";
import { type FormEvent, useState } from "react";

type Outcome = { sent: boolean; fields: Record<string, string[]>; message: string };

const sendReport = createServerFn({ method: "POST" })
  .validator((data: unknown) => {
    if (!(data instanceof FormData)) throw new Error("Expected form data");
    const read = (name: string) => String(data.get(name) ?? "").trim();
    return {
      email: read("email"),
      page: read("page"),
      severity: read("severity"),
      details: read("details"),
      _gotcha: read("_gotcha"),
    };
  })
  .handler(async ({ data }): Promise<Outcome> => {
    const origin = getRequestHeader("origin");
    const response = await fetch("https://ikiform.com/f/frm_xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx", {
      method: "POST",
      headers: {
        Accept: "application/json",
        "Content-Type": "application/json",
        Authorization: `Bearer ${process.env.IKIFORM_SECRET_KEY}`,
        ...(origin ? { Origin: origin } : {}),
      },
      body: JSON.stringify(data),
    });
    const result = await response.json();
    if (result.ok) return { sent: true, fields: {}, message: "Thanks. We'll look at that page today." };
    return { sent: false, fields: result.error.fields ?? {}, message: String(result.error.message) };
  });

export const Route = createFileRoute("/report")({ component: Report });

function Report() {
  const send = useServerFn(sendReport);
  const [outcome, setOutcome] = useState<Outcome | null>(null);
  const [pending, setPending] = useState(false);

  async function onSubmit(event: FormEvent<HTMLFormElement>) {
    event.preventDefault();
    setPending(true);
    try {
      setOutcome(await send({ data: new FormData(event.currentTarget) }));
    } catch {
      setOutcome({ sent: false, fields: {}, message: "The report didn't go through. Try again." });
    } finally {
      setPending(false);
    }
  }

  if (outcome?.sent) return <p role="status">{outcome.message}</p>;
  const fields = outcome?.fields ?? {};

  return (
    <form method="post" onSubmit={onSubmit}>
      <label htmlFor="email">Your email</label>
      <input id="email" name="email" type="email" required aria-invalid={Boolean(fields.email)} />
      {fields.email ? <p>{fields.email[0]}</p> : null}
      <label htmlFor="page">Page address</label>
      <input id="page" name="page" type="url" required aria-invalid={Boolean(fields.page)} />
      {fields.page ? <p>{fields.page[0]}</p> : null}
      <label htmlFor="severity">How bad is it</label>
      <select id="severity" name="severity" defaultValue="broken">
        <option value="cosmetic">Looks wrong</option>
        <option value="broken">Something doesn't work</option>
        <option value="blocking">I can't continue</option>
      </select>
      <label htmlFor="details">What happened</label>
      <textarea id="details" name="details" rows={5} minLength={20} required aria-invalid={Boolean(fields.details)} />
      {fields.details ? <p>{fields.details[0]}</p> : null}
      <input name="_gotcha" type="text" tabIndex={-1} autoComplete="off" hidden />
      {outcome?.message ? <p role="alert">{outcome.message}</p> : null}
      <button disabled={pending}>{pending ? "Sending" : "Send report"}</button>
    </form>
  );
}

import { data, Form, useNavigation } from "react-router";
import type { Route } from "./+types/report";

export async function action({ request }: Route.ActionArgs) {
  const form = await request.formData();
  const values = {
    email: String(form.get("email") ?? "").trim(),
    page: String(form.get("page") ?? "").trim(),
    severity: String(form.get("severity") ?? ""),
    details: String(form.get("details") ?? "").trim(),
  };
  const origin = request.headers.get("origin");

  const response = await fetch("https://ikiform.com/f/frm_xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx", {
    method: "POST",
    headers: {
      Accept: "application/json",
      "Content-Type": "application/json",
      Authorization: `Bearer ${process.env.IKIFORM_SECRET_KEY}`,
      ...(origin ? { Origin: origin } : {}),
    },
    body: JSON.stringify({ ...values, _gotcha: String(form.get("_gotcha") ?? "") }),
  });
  const result = await response.json();
  if (result.ok) return { sent: true as const };
  return data(
    {
      sent: false as const,
      fields: (result.error.fields ?? {}) as Record<string, string[]>,
      message: String(result.error.message),
      values,
    },
    { status: response.status },
  );
}

export default function Report({ actionData }: Route.ComponentProps) {
  const sending = useNavigation().state === "submitting";

  if (actionData?.sent) return <p role="status">Thanks. We'll look at that page today.</p>;
  const fields = actionData?.fields ?? {};
  const values = actionData?.values;

  return (
    <Form method="post">
      <label htmlFor="email">Your email</label>
      <input id="email" name="email" type="email" required defaultValue={values?.email} />
      {fields.email ? <p>{fields.email[0]}</p> : null}
      <label htmlFor="page">Page address</label>
      <input id="page" name="page" type="url" required defaultValue={values?.page} />
      {fields.page ? <p>{fields.page[0]}</p> : null}
      <label htmlFor="severity">How bad is it</label>
      <select id="severity" name="severity" defaultValue={values?.severity ?? "broken"}>
        <option value="cosmetic">Looks wrong</option>
        <option value="broken">Something doesn't work</option>
        <option value="blocking">I can't continue</option>
      </select>
      <label htmlFor="details">What happened</label>
      <textarea id="details" name="details" rows={5} minLength={20} required defaultValue={values?.details} />
      {fields.details ? <p>{fields.details[0]}</p> : null}
      <input name="_gotcha" type="text" tabIndex={-1} autoComplete="off" hidden />
      {actionData && !Object.keys(fields).length ? <p role="alert">{actionData.message}</p> : null}
      <button disabled={sending}>{sending ? "Sending" : "Send report"}</button>
    </Form>
  );
}

import { fail } from "@sveltejs/kit";
import { IKIFORM_SECRET_KEY } from "$app/env/private";
import type { Actions } from "./$types";

export const actions = {
  default: async ({ request, fetch, url }) => {
    const form = await request.formData();
    const values = {
      email: String(form.get("email") ?? "").trim(),
      page: String(form.get("page") ?? "").trim(),
      severity: String(form.get("severity") ?? ""),
      details: String(form.get("details") ?? "").trim(),
    };

    const response = await fetch("https://ikiform.com/f/frm_xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx", {
      method: "POST",
      headers: {
        Accept: "application/json",
        "Content-Type": "application/json",
        Authorization: `Bearer ${IKIFORM_SECRET_KEY}`,
        Origin: request.headers.get("origin") ?? url.origin,
      },
      body: JSON.stringify({ ...values, _gotcha: String(form.get("_gotcha") ?? "") }),
    });
    const result = await response.json();
    if (!result.ok) {
      return fail(response.status, { values, fields: (result.error.fields ?? {}) as Record<string, string[]> });
    }
    return { sent: true };
  },
} satisfies Actions;

<script lang="ts">
  import { enhance } from "$app/forms";
  import type { PageProps } from "./$types";

  let { form }: PageProps = $props();
  let fields = $derived(form?.fields ?? {});

  const SEVERITIES = [
    ["cosmetic", "Looks wrong"],
    ["broken", "Something doesn't work"],
    ["blocking", "I can't continue"],
  ];
</script>

{#if form?.sent}
  <p role="status">Thanks. We'll look at that page today.</p>
{:else}
  <form method="POST" use:enhance>
    <label for="email">Your email</label>
    <input id="email" name="email" type="email" required value={form?.values?.email ?? ""} />
    {#if fields.email}<p>{fields.email[0]}</p>{/if}

    <label for="page">Page address</label>
    <input id="page" name="page" type="url" required value={form?.values?.page ?? ""} />
    {#if fields.page}<p>{fields.page[0]}</p>{/if}

    <label for="severity">How bad is it</label>
    <select id="severity" name="severity">
      {#each SEVERITIES as [value, label]}
        <option {value} selected={(form?.values?.severity ?? "broken") === value}>{label}</option>
      {/each}
    </select>

    <label for="details">What happened</label>
    <textarea id="details" name="details" rows="5" minlength="20" required value={form?.values?.details ?? ""}></textarea>
    {#if fields.details}<p>{fields.details[0]}</p>{/if}

    <input name="_gotcha" type="text" tabindex="-1" autocomplete="off" hidden />
    <button>Send report</button>
  </form>
{/if}

export default defineEventHandler(async (event) => {
  const body = await readBody<Record<string, string>>(event);
  const { ikiformSecretKey } = useRuntimeConfig(event);
  const origin = getRequestHeader(event, "origin");

  const response = await fetch("https://ikiform.com/f/frm_xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx", {
    method: "POST",
    headers: {
      Accept: "application/json",
      "Content-Type": "application/json",
      Authorization: `Bearer ${ikiformSecretKey}`,
      ...(origin ? { Origin: origin } : {}),
    },
    body: JSON.stringify({
      email: body.email ?? "",
      page: body.page ?? "",
      severity: body.severity ?? "",
      details: body.details ?? "",
      _gotcha: body._gotcha ?? "",
    }),
  });
  const result = await response.json();
  if (!result.ok) {
    throw createError({
      status: response.status,
      message: String(result.error.message),
      data: { fields: result.error.fields ?? {} },
    });
  }
  return { sent: true };
});

<script setup lang="ts">
const sent = ref(false);
const sending = ref(false);
const fields = ref<Record<string, string[]>>({});

async function send(event: Event) {
  const form = event.target as HTMLFormElement;
  sending.value = true;
  fields.value = {};
  try {
    await $fetch("/api/report", { method: "POST", body: Object.fromEntries(new FormData(form)) });
    sent.value = true;
  } catch (failure) {
    const reply = failure as { data?: { data?: { fields?: Record<string, string[]> } } };
    fields.value = reply.data?.data?.fields ?? { details: ["The report didn't go through. Try again."] };
  } finally {
    sending.value = false;
  }
}
</script>

<template>
  <p v-if="sent" role="status">Thanks. We'll look at that page today.</p>
  <form v-else method="post" action="/api/report" @submit.prevent="send">
    <label for="email">Your email</label>
    <input id="email" name="email" type="email" required />
    <p v-if="fields.email">{{ fields.email[0] }}</p>
    <label for="page">Page address</label>
    <input id="page" name="page" type="url" required />
    <p v-if="fields.page">{{ fields.page[0] }}</p>
    <label for="severity">How bad is it</label>
    <select id="severity" name="severity">
      <option value="cosmetic">Looks wrong</option>
      <option value="broken" selected>Something doesn't work</option>
      <option value="blocking">I can't continue</option>
    </select>
    <label for="details">What happened</label>
    <textarea id="details" name="details" rows="5" minlength="20" required />
    <p v-if="fields.details">{{ fields.details[0] }}</p>
    <input name="_gotcha" type="text" tabindex="-1" autocomplete="off" hidden />
    <button :disabled="sending">{{ sending ? "Sending" : "Send report" }}</button>
  </form>
</template>

import { type FormEvent, useState } from "react";

const ENDPOINT = "https://ikiform.com/f/frm_xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx";
const SEVERITIES = [
  ["cosmetic", "Looks wrong"],
  ["broken", "Something doesn't work"],
  ["blocking", "I can't continue"],
];

export function ReportForm() {
  const [sent, setSent] = useState(false);
  const [sending, setSending] = useState(false);
  const [fields, setFields] = useState<Record<string, string[]>>({});
  const [problem, setProblem] = useState("");

  async function onSubmit(event: FormEvent<HTMLFormElement>) {
    event.preventDefault();
    setSending(true);
    setFields({});
    setProblem("");
    try {
      const response = await fetch(ENDPOINT, {
        method: "POST",
        headers: { Accept: "application/json" },
        body: new FormData(event.currentTarget),
      });
      const result = await response.json();
      if (result.ok) setSent(true);
      else if (result.error.fields) setFields(result.error.fields);
      else setProblem(result.error.message);
    } catch {
      setProblem("Couldn't reach the server. Check your connection and try again.");
    } finally {
      setSending(false);
    }
  }

  if (sent) return <p role="status">Thanks. We'll look at that page today.</p>;

  return (
    <form action={ENDPOINT} method="post" onSubmit={onSubmit}>
      <label htmlFor="email">Your email</label>
      <input id="email" name="email" type="email" required aria-invalid={Boolean(fields.email)} />
      {fields.email ? <p>{fields.email[0]}</p> : null}
      <label htmlFor="page">Page address</label>
      <input id="page" name="page" type="url" required aria-invalid={Boolean(fields.page)} />
      {fields.page ? <p>{fields.page[0]}</p> : null}
      <label htmlFor="severity">How bad is it</label>
      <select id="severity" name="severity" defaultValue="broken">
        {SEVERITIES.map(([value, label]) => (
          <option key={value} value={value}>{label}</option>
        ))}
      </select>
      <label htmlFor="details">What happened</label>
      <textarea id="details" name="details" rows={5} minLength={20} required aria-invalid={Boolean(fields.details)} />
      {fields.details ? <p>{fields.details[0]}</p> : null}
      <input name="_gotcha" type="text" tabIndex={-1} autoComplete="off" hidden />
      {problem ? <p role="alert">{problem}</p> : null}
      <button disabled={sending}>{sending ? "Sending" : "Send report"}</button>
    </form>
  );
}

<script setup lang="ts">
import { ref } from "vue";

const ENDPOINT = "https://ikiform.com/f/frm_xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx";

const sent = ref(false);
const sending = ref(false);
const fields = ref<Record<string, string[]>>({});
const problem = ref("");

async function send(event: SubmitEvent) {
  sending.value = true;
  fields.value = {};
  problem.value = "";
  try {
    const response = await fetch(ENDPOINT, {
      method: "POST",
      headers: { Accept: "application/json" },
      body: new FormData(event.target as HTMLFormElement),
    });
    const result = await response.json();
    if (result.ok) sent.value = true;
    else if (result.error.fields) fields.value = result.error.fields;
    else problem.value = result.error.message;
  } catch {
    problem.value = "Couldn't reach the server. Check your connection and try again.";
  } finally {
    sending.value = false;
  }
}
</script>

<template>
  <p v-if="sent" role="status">Thanks. We'll look at that page today.</p>
  <form v-else :action="ENDPOINT" method="post" @submit.prevent="send">
    <label for="email">Your email</label>
    <input id="email" name="email" type="email" required :aria-invalid="Boolean(fields.email)" />
    <p v-if="fields.email">{{ fields.email[0] }}</p>
    <label for="page">Page address</label>
    <input id="page" name="page" type="url" required :aria-invalid="Boolean(fields.page)" />
    <p v-if="fields.page">{{ fields.page[0] }}</p>
    <label for="severity">How bad is it</label>
    <select id="severity" name="severity">
      <option value="cosmetic">Looks wrong</option>
      <option value="broken" selected>Something doesn't work</option>
      <option value="blocking">I can't continue</option>
    </select>
    <label for="details">What happened</label>
    <textarea id="details" name="details" rows="5" minlength="20" required :aria-invalid="Boolean(fields.details)" />
    <p v-if="fields.details">{{ fields.details[0] }}</p>
    <input name="_gotcha" type="text" tabindex="-1" autocomplete="off" hidden />
    <p v-if="problem" role="alert">{{ problem }}</p>
    <button :disabled="sending">{{ sending ? "Sending" : "Send report" }}</button>
  </form>
</template>