Turnstile を使った SvelteKit フォームのスパム対策

src/
  env.ts
  lib/
    turnstile.ts
    server/
      spam.ts
  routes/
    contact/
      +page.server.ts
      +page.svelte
vite.config.ts
.env

PUBLIC_TURNSTILE_SITE_KEY=1x00000000000000000000AA
TURNSTILE_SECRET_KEY=1x0000000000000000000000000000000AA
IKIFORM_SECRET_KEY=ik_sk_your_secret_key
UPSTASH_REDIS_REST_URL=https://your-db.upstash.io
UPSTASH_REDIS_REST_TOKEN=your_token

import { defineEnvVars } from "@sveltejs/kit/env";

export const variables = defineEnvVars({
  PUBLIC_TURNSTILE_SITE_KEY: { public: true },
  TURNSTILE_SECRET_KEY: {},
  IKIFORM_SECRET_KEY: {},
  UPSTASH_REDIS_REST_URL: {},
  UPSTASH_REDIS_REST_TOKEN: {},
});

import adapter from "@sveltejs/adapter-node";
import { sveltekit } from "@sveltejs/kit/vite";
import { defineConfig } from "vite";

export default defineConfig({
  plugins: [
    sveltekit({
      adapter: adapter(),
      csp: {
        mode: "auto",
        directives: {
          "script-src": ["self", "https://challenges.cloudflare.com"],
          "frame-src": ["https://challenges.cloudflare.com"],
          "object-src": ["none"],
          "base-uri": ["self"],
        },
      },
    }),
  ],
});

import { Ratelimit } from "@upstash/ratelimit";
import { Redis } from "@upstash/redis";
import { dev } from "$app/env";
import { TURNSTILE_SECRET_KEY, UPSTASH_REDIS_REST_TOKEN, UPSTASH_REDIS_REST_URL } from "$app/env/private";

const limiter = new Ratelimit({
  redis: new Redis({ url: UPSTASH_REDIS_REST_URL, token: UPSTASH_REDIS_REST_TOKEN }),
  limiter: Ratelimit.slidingWindow(5, "60 s"),
  prefix: "contact",
});

export async function secondsToWait(ip: string) {
  const { success, reset } = await limiter.limit(ip);
  return success ? 0 : Math.max(1, Math.ceil((reset - Date.now()) / 1000));
}

export async function isHuman(token: string, ip: string, host: string) {
  if (!token || token.length > 2048) return false;
  try {
    const response = await fetch("https://challenges.cloudflare.com/turnstile/v0/siteverify", {
      method: "POST",
      headers: { "Content-Type": "application/json" },
      body: JSON.stringify({ secret: TURNSTILE_SECRET_KEY, response: token, remoteip: ip }),
    });
    const verdict = (await response.json()) as { success: boolean; hostname?: string; action?: string };
    return verdict.success && verdict.action === "contact" && (dev || verdict.hostname === host);
  } catch {
    return false;
  }
}

import { fail } from "@sveltejs/kit";
import { IKIFORM_SECRET_KEY } from "$app/env/private";
import { isHuman, secondsToWait } from "#lib/server/spam.js";
import type { Actions } from "./$types";

export const actions = {
  default: async ({ request, getClientAddress, url }) => {
    const ip = getClientAddress();
    const wait = await secondsToWait(ip);
    if (wait) return fail(429, { wait, error: `Too many messages. Try again in ${wait} seconds.` });

    const form = await request.formData();
    const values = {
      name: String(form.get("name") ?? "").trim(),
      email: String(form.get("email") ?? "").trim(),
      message: String(form.get("message") ?? "").trim(),
    };
    if (values.message.length < 10) return fail(400, { values, error: "A few words more, please." });
    if (!(await isHuman(String(form.get("cf-turnstile-response") ?? ""), ip, url.hostname))) {
      return fail(403, { values, error: "We couldn't confirm you're human. Try again." });
    }

    form.delete("cf-turnstile-response");
    const response = await fetch("https://ikiform.com/f/frm_xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx", {
      method: "POST",
      headers: {
        Accept: "application/json",
        Authorization: `Bearer ${IKIFORM_SECRET_KEY}`,
        Origin: request.headers.get("origin") ?? url.origin,
      },
      body: form,
    }).catch(() => null);
    if (!response?.ok) return fail(502, { values, error: "Your message didn't send. Try again." });
    return { sent: true };
  },
} satisfies Actions;

const SCRIPT = "https://challenges.cloudflare.com/turnstile/v0/api.js?render=explicit";

interface Api {
  render(container: HTMLElement, options: { sitekey: string; action: string }): string;
  reset(widgetId: string): void;
  remove(widgetId: string): void;
}

let loading: Promise<Api> | undefined;

function load() {
  loading ??= new Promise<Api>((resolve, reject) => {
    const script = document.createElement("script");
    script.src = SCRIPT;
    script.async = true;
    script.onload = () => {
      const api = (window as Window & { turnstile?: Api }).turnstile;
      if (api) resolve(api);
      else reject(new Error("Turnstile did not load"));
    };
    script.onerror = () => reject(new Error("Turnstile did not load"));
    document.head.append(script);
  });
  return loading;
}

export function turnstile(node: HTMLElement, sitekey: string) {
  let api: Api | undefined;
  load().then((loaded) => {
    api = loaded;
    node.dataset.widgetId = loaded.render(node, { sitekey, action: "contact" });
  });
  return {
    destroy() {
      if (node.dataset.widgetId) api?.remove(node.dataset.widgetId);
    },
  };
}

export async function resetTurnstile(node: HTMLElement | undefined) {
  const id = node?.dataset.widgetId;
  if (id) (await load()).reset(id);
}

<script lang="ts">
  import { enhance } from "$app/forms";
  import { PUBLIC_TURNSTILE_SITE_KEY } from "$app/env/public";
  import { resetTurnstile, turnstile } from "#lib/turnstile.js";
  import type { PageProps } from "./$types";

  let { form }: PageProps = $props();
  let box = $state<HTMLDivElement>();
  let sending = $state(false);
</script>

{#if form?.sent}
  <p role="status">Thanks. We'll reply by email.</p>
{:else}
  <form
    method="POST"
    use:enhance={() => {
      sending = true;
      return async ({ update }) => {
        await update({ reset: false });
        sending = false;
        await resetTurnstile(box);
      };
    }}
  >
    <label for="name">Name</label>
    <input id="name" name="name" autocomplete="name" required maxlength="120" value={form?.values?.name ?? ""} />
    <label for="email">Email</label>
    <input id="email" name="email" type="email" autocomplete="email" required value={form?.values?.email ?? ""} />
    <label for="message">Message</label>
    <textarea id="message" name="message" rows="5" required value={form?.values?.message ?? ""}></textarea>
    <div class="hp" aria-hidden="true">
      <label for="hp-field">Leave this empty</label>
      <input id="hp-field" name="_gotcha" type="text" tabindex="-1" autocomplete="off" />
    </div>
    <div bind:this={box} use:turnstile={PUBLIC_TURNSTILE_SITE_KEY}></div>
    {#if form?.error}
      <p role="alert">{form.error}</p>
    {/if}
    <button disabled={sending}>{sending ? "Sending" : "Send message"}</button>
  </form>
{/if}

npm run build
ADDRESS_HEADER=X-Forwarded-For XFF_DEPTH=1 node build

ADDRESS_HEADER=X-Forwarded-For
XFF_DEPTH=1