Proteção contra spam em formulários React Router com Turnstile

app/
  routes/
    contact.tsx
  components/
    turnstile.tsx
  lib/
    spam.server.ts
workers/
  app.ts
wrangler.jsonc
.dev.vars

import { createRequestHandler } from "react-router";

const handler = createRequestHandler(() => import("virtual:react-router/server-build"), import.meta.env.MODE);

export default {
  fetch(request) {
    return handler(request);
  },
} satisfies ExportedHandler<Env>;

{
  "name": "acme-site",
  "main": "./workers/app.ts",
  "vars": { "TURNSTILE_SITE_KEY": "1x00000000000000000000AA" },
  "ratelimits": [
    {
      "name": "CONTACT_LIMIT",
      "namespace_id": "1001",
      "simple": { "limit": 5, "period": 60 }
    }
  ]
}

TURNSTILE_SECRET_KEY=1x0000000000000000000000000000000AA
IKIFORM_SECRET_KEY=ik_sk_your_secret_key

export async function isHuman(secret: string, token: string, ip: string, host: string) {
  if (!token || token.length > 2048) return false;
  const body = new URLSearchParams({ secret, response: token, remoteip: ip });
  try {
    const response = await fetch("https://challenges.cloudflare.com/turnstile/v0/siteverify", { method: "POST", body });
    const verdict = (await response.json()) as { success: boolean; hostname?: string; action?: string };
    return verdict.success && verdict.action === "contact" && (import.meta.env.DEV || verdict.hostname === host);
  } catch {
    return false;
  }
}

export async function forward(secretKey: string, form: FormData, origin: string | null) {
  const headers = new Headers({ Accept: "application/json", Authorization: `Bearer ${secretKey}` });
  if (origin) headers.set("Origin", origin);
  const response = await fetch("https://ikiform.com/f/frm_xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx", { method: "POST", headers, body: form }).catch(() => null);
  return response?.ok ?? false;
}

import { useEffect, useRef } from "react";

const SCRIPT = "https://challenges.cloudflare.com/turnstile/v0/api.js?render=explicit";

interface TurnstileApi {
  render(container: HTMLElement, options: { sitekey: string; action: string }): string;
  remove(widgetId: string): void;
}

declare global {
  interface Window {
    turnstile?: TurnstileApi;
  }
}

export function Turnstile({ siteKey }: { siteKey: string }) {
  const box = useRef<HTMLDivElement>(null);

  useEffect(() => {
    let widgetId: string | undefined;
    const mount = () => {
      if (box.current && window.turnstile) widgetId = window.turnstile.render(box.current, { sitekey: siteKey, action: "contact" });
    };
    if (window.turnstile) mount();
    else document.querySelector(`script[src="${SCRIPT}"]`)?.addEventListener("load", mount, { once: true });
    return () => {
      if (widgetId) window.turnstile?.remove(widgetId);
    };
  }, [siteKey]);

  return (
    <>
      <script src={SCRIPT} async />
      <div ref={box} />
    </>
  );
}

import { useEffect, useState } from "react";
import { data, useFetcher } from "react-router";
import { env } from "cloudflare:workers";
import { Turnstile } from "~/components/turnstile";
import { forward, isHuman } from "~/lib/spam.server";
import type { Route } from "./+types/contact";

const POLICY = [
  "default-src 'self'",
  "script-src 'self' 'unsafe-inline' https://challenges.cloudflare.com",
  "frame-src https://challenges.cloudflare.com",
  "object-src 'none'",
  "base-uri 'self'",
].join("; ");

export function loader() {
  return { siteKey: env.TURNSTILE_SITE_KEY };
}

export async function action({ request }: Route.ActionArgs) {
  const ip = request.headers.get("cf-connecting-ip") ?? "unknown";

  const { success } = await env.CONTACT_LIMIT.limit({ key: `contact:${ip}` });
  if (!success) {
    return data({ ok: false, error: "Too many messages. Try again in a minute." }, { status: 429, headers: { "Retry-After": "60" } });
  }

  const form = await request.formData();
  const token = String(form.get("cf-turnstile-response") ?? "");
  if (!(await isHuman(env.TURNSTILE_SECRET_KEY, token, ip, new URL(request.url).hostname))) {
    return data({ ok: false, error: "We couldn't confirm you're human. Try again." }, { status: 403 });
  }

  form.delete("cf-turnstile-response");
  const sent = await forward(env.IKIFORM_SECRET_KEY, form, request.headers.get("origin"));
  return sent ? { ok: true, error: "" } : data({ ok: false, error: "Your message didn't send. Try again." }, { status: 502 });
}

export function headers({ actionHeaders, parentHeaders }: Route.HeadersArgs) {
  parentHeaders.set("Content-Security-Policy", POLICY);
  const retry = actionHeaders.get("Retry-After");
  if (retry) parentHeaders.set("Retry-After", retry);
  return parentHeaders;
}

export default function Contact({ loaderData, actionData }: Route.ComponentProps) {
  const fetcher = useFetcher<typeof action>();
  const result = fetcher.data ?? actionData;
  const [round, setRound] = useState(0);

  useEffect(() => {
    if (fetcher.state === "idle" && fetcher.data) setRound((count) => count + 1);
  }, [fetcher.state, fetcher.data]);

  if (result?.ok) return <p role="status">Thanks. We'll reply by email.</p>;

  return (
    <fetcher.Form method="post">
      <label htmlFor="name">Name</label>
      <input id="name" name="name" autoComplete="name" required maxLength={120} />
      <label htmlFor="email">Email</label>
      <input id="email" name="email" type="email" autoComplete="email" required />
      <label htmlFor="message">Message</label>
      <textarea id="message" name="message" rows={5} required minLength={10} />
      <div className="hp" aria-hidden="true">
        <label htmlFor="hp-field">Leave this empty</label>
        <input id="hp-field" name="_gotcha" type="text" tabIndex={-1} autoComplete="off" />
      </div>
      <Turnstile key={round} siteKey={loaderData.siteKey} />
      {result?.error ? <p role="alert">{result.error}</p> : null}
      <button disabled={fetcher.state !== "idle"}>{fetcher.state === "idle" ? "Send message" : "Sending"}</button>
    </fetcher.Form>
  );
}

<form action="https://ikiform.com/f/frm_xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx" method="post">
  <label htmlFor="email">Email</label>
  <input id="email" name="email" type="email" autoComplete="email" required />
  <label htmlFor="message">Message</label>
  <textarea id="message" name="message" rows={5} required />
  <input name="_gotcha" type="text" tabIndex={-1} autoComplete="off" hidden />
  <button>Send message</button>
</form>