Turnstile을 이용한 Next.js 폼 스팸 방지

app/
  contact/
    page.tsx
    contact-form.tsx
    actions.ts
lib/
  client-ip.ts
  turnstile.ts
proxy.ts
.env.local

NEXT_PUBLIC_TURNSTILE_SITE_KEY=1x00000000000000000000AA
TURNSTILE_SECRET_KEY=1x0000000000000000000000000000000AA
TURNSTILE_HOSTNAME=
IKIFORM_SECRET_KEY=ik_sk_your_secret_key
CLIENT_IP_HEADER=x-real-ip

import "server-only";
import { headers } from "next/headers";

const HEADER = process.env.CLIENT_IP_HEADER ?? "x-real-ip";

export async function clientIp() {
  const value = (await headers()).get(HEADER);
  return value?.split(",")[0]?.trim() || null;
}

import "server-only";

interface Verdict {
  success: boolean;
  hostname?: string;
  action?: string;
  "error-codes"?: string[];
}

export type Check = { ok: true } | { ok: false; reason: string };

export async function verifyTurnstile(token: string, ip: string | null): Promise<Check> {
  if (!token || token.length > 2048) return { ok: false, reason: "missing-input-response" };

  let verdict: Verdict;
  try {
    const response = await fetch("https://challenges.cloudflare.com/turnstile/v0/siteverify", {
      method: "POST",
      headers: { "Content-Type": "application/json" },
      body: JSON.stringify({ secret: process.env.TURNSTILE_SECRET_KEY, response: token, remoteip: ip ?? undefined }),
      signal: AbortSignal.timeout(5000),
    });
    verdict = (await response.json()) as Verdict;
  } catch {
    return { ok: false, reason: "siteverify-unreachable" };
  }

  if (!verdict.success) return { ok: false, reason: verdict["error-codes"]?.join(",") || "failed" };
  if (verdict.action !== "contact") return { ok: false, reason: "wrong-action" };
  const expected = process.env.TURNSTILE_HOSTNAME;
  if (expected && verdict.hostname !== expected) return { ok: false, reason: "wrong-hostname" };
  return { ok: true };
}

"use server";

import { checkRateLimit } from "@vercel/firewall";
import { headers } from "next/headers";
import { clientIp } from "@/lib/client-ip";
import { verifyTurnstile } from "@/lib/turnstile";

export interface ContactState {
  status: "idle" | "sent" | "error";
  message: string;
  fields?: { name: string; email: string; message: string };
}

export async function sendMessage(_previous: ContactState, formData: FormData): Promise<ContactState> {
  const fields = {
    name: String(formData.get("name") ?? "").trim(),
    email: String(formData.get("email") ?? "").trim(),
    message: String(formData.get("message") ?? "").trim(),
  };

  if (process.env.VERCEL) {
    const { rateLimited } = await checkRateLimit("contact-form", { headers: await headers() });
    if (rateLimited) return { status: "error", message: "Too many messages from your connection. Try again in a minute.", fields };
  }

  const check = await verifyTurnstile(String(formData.get("cf-turnstile-response") ?? ""), await clientIp());
  if (!check.ok) {
    console.warn("turnstile", check.reason);
    return { status: "error", message: "We couldn't confirm you're human. Try the check again.", fields };
  }

  const response = await fetch("https://ikiform.com/f/frm_xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx", {
    method: "POST",
    headers: {
      Accept: "application/json",
      "Content-Type": "application/json",
      Authorization: `Bearer ${process.env.IKIFORM_SECRET_KEY}`,
      Origin: (await headers()).get("origin") ?? "",
    },
    body: JSON.stringify({ ...fields, _gotcha: String(formData.get("_gotcha") ?? "") }),
    signal: AbortSignal.timeout(8000),
  }).catch(() => null);

  const result = await response?.json().catch(() => null);
  if (result?.ok) return { status: "sent", message: "Thanks. We'll reply by email." };
  return { status: "error", message: result?.error?.message ?? "Your message didn't send. Try again.", fields };
}

"use client";

import Script from "next/script";
import { useActionState, useEffect, useRef } from "react";
import { type ContactState, sendMessage } from "./actions";

interface Turnstile {
  render(container: HTMLElement, options: { sitekey: string; action: string }): string;
  reset(widgetId: string): void;
  remove(widgetId: string): void;
}

declare global {
  interface Window {
    turnstile?: Turnstile;
  }
}

const initial: ContactState = { status: "idle", message: "" };

export function ContactForm({ nonce }: { nonce?: string }) {
  const [state, action, pending] = useActionState(sendMessage, initial);
  const box = useRef<HTMLDivElement>(null);
  const widget = useRef<string | null>(null);

  function mount() {
    if (!box.current || !window.turnstile || widget.current) return;
    widget.current = window.turnstile.render(box.current, {
      sitekey: process.env.NEXT_PUBLIC_TURNSTILE_SITE_KEY!,
      action: "contact",
    });
  }

  useEffect(() => {
    if (state.status === "error" && widget.current) window.turnstile?.reset(widget.current);
  }, [state]);

  useEffect(
    () => () => {
      if (widget.current) window.turnstile?.remove(widget.current);
      widget.current = null;
    },
    [],
  );

  if (state.status === "sent") return <p role="status">{state.message}</p>;

  return (
    <form action={action}>
      <label htmlFor="name">Name</label>
      <input id="name" name="name" autoComplete="name" required maxLength={120} defaultValue={state.fields?.name} />
      <label htmlFor="email">Email</label>
      <input id="email" name="email" type="email" autoComplete="email" required defaultValue={state.fields?.email} />
      <label htmlFor="message">Message</label>
      <textarea id="message" name="message" rows={5} required minLength={10} defaultValue={state.fields?.message} />
      <div className="hp" aria-hidden="true">
        <label htmlFor="hp-field">Leave this empty</label>
        <input id="hp-field" name="_gotcha" type="text" tabIndex={-1} autoComplete="off" />
      </div>
      <div ref={box} />
      {state.status === "error" ? <p role="alert">{state.message}</p> : null}
      <button disabled={pending}>{pending ? "Sending" : "Send message"}</button>
      <Script src="https://challenges.cloudflare.com/turnstile/v0/api.js?render=explicit" nonce={nonce} onReady={mount} />
    </form>
  );
}

import { headers } from "next/headers";
import { ContactForm } from "./contact-form";

export default async function Page() {
  const nonce = (await headers()).get("x-nonce") ?? undefined;

  return (
    <main>
      <h1>Contact us</h1>
      <ContactForm nonce={nonce} />
    </main>
  );
}

import { type NextRequest, NextResponse } from "next/server";

export function proxy(request: NextRequest) {
  const nonce = Buffer.from(crypto.randomUUID()).toString("base64");
  const dev = process.env.NODE_ENV === "development";
  const policy = [
    "default-src 'self'",
    `script-src 'self' 'nonce-${nonce}' 'strict-dynamic' https://challenges.cloudflare.com${dev ? " 'unsafe-eval'" : ""}`,
    "frame-src https://challenges.cloudflare.com",
    `style-src 'self' 'nonce-${nonce}'`,
    "img-src 'self' blob: data:",
    "object-src 'none'",
    "base-uri 'self'",
    "form-action 'self'",
    "frame-ancestors 'none'",
  ].join("; ");

  const requestHeaders = new Headers(request.headers);
  requestHeaders.set("x-nonce", nonce);
  requestHeaders.set("Content-Security-Policy", policy);
  const response = NextResponse.next({ request: { headers: requestHeaders } });
  response.headers.set("Content-Security-Policy", policy);
  return response;
}

export const config = {
  matcher: [
    {
      source: "/((?!api|_next/static|_next/image|favicon.ico).*)",
      missing: [
        { type: "header", key: "next-router-prefetch" },
        { type: "header", key: "purpose", value: "prefetch" },
      ],
    },
  ],
};

"use client";

import { challenge, submit } from "@ikiform/sdk";
import { useActionState, useRef } from "react";

const FORM_ID = "frm_xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx";

export function ContactForm() {
  const frame = useRef<HTMLDivElement>(null);
  const [message, action, pending] = useActionState(async (_previous: string, data: FormData) => {
    try {
      const turnstileToken = await challenge(FORM_ID, { container: frame.current ?? undefined });
      const result = await submit(FORM_ID, data, { turnstileToken });
      return result.ok ? "sent" : result.error.message;
    } catch {
      return "The human check didn't finish. Try again.";
    }
  }, "");

  if (message === "sent") return <p role="status">Thanks. We'll reply by email.</p>;

  return (
    <form action={action}>
      <label htmlFor="email">Email</label>
      <input id="email" name="email" type="email" autoComplete="email" required />
      <label htmlFor="message">Message</label>
      <textarea id="message" name="message" rows={5} required minLength={10} />
      <input name="_gotcha" type="text" tabIndex={-1} autoComplete="off" hidden />
      <div ref={frame} />
      {message ? <p role="alert">{message}</p> : null}
      <button disabled={pending}>{pending ? "Sending" : "Send message"}</button>
    </form>
  );
}