Turnstile을 이용한 Astro 폼 스팸 방지

src/
  actions/
    index.ts
  lib/
    limit.ts
    turnstile.ts
  pages/
    contact.astro
astro.config.mjs
.env

PUBLIC_TURNSTILE_SITE_KEY=1x00000000000000000000AA
TURNSTILE_SECRET_KEY=1x0000000000000000000000000000000AA
IKIFORM_SECRET_KEY=ik_sk_your_secret_key
UPSTASH_REDIS_REST_URL=https://your-db.upstash.io
UPSTASH_REDIS_REST_TOKEN=your_token

import vercel from "@astrojs/vercel";
import { defineConfig, envField } from "astro/config";

export default defineConfig({
  adapter: vercel(),
  env: {
    schema: {
      PUBLIC_TURNSTILE_SITE_KEY: envField.string({ context: "client", access: "public" }),
      TURNSTILE_SECRET_KEY: envField.string({ context: "server", access: "secret" }),
      IKIFORM_SECRET_KEY: envField.string({ context: "server", access: "secret" }),
      UPSTASH_REDIS_REST_URL: envField.string({ context: "server", access: "secret" }),
      UPSTASH_REDIS_REST_TOKEN: envField.string({ context: "server", access: "secret" }),
    },
  },
  security: {
    csp: {
      scriptDirective: {
        resources: ["'self'", "https://challenges.cloudflare.com"],
      },
      directives: ["frame-src https://challenges.cloudflare.com"],
    },
  },
});

import { Redis } from "@upstash/redis";
import { UPSTASH_REDIS_REST_TOKEN, UPSTASH_REDIS_REST_URL } from "astro:env/server";

const redis = new Redis({ url: UPSTASH_REDIS_REST_URL, token: UPSTASH_REDIS_REST_TOKEN });

export async function overLimit(ip: string, limit = 5, windowSeconds = 60) {
  const key = `contact:${ip}:${Math.floor(Date.now() / 1000 / windowSeconds)}`;
  const [count] = await redis.multi().incr(key).expire(key, windowSeconds).exec<[number, number]>();
  return count > limit;
}

import { env } from "cloudflare:workers";

export async function overLimit(ip: string) {
  const { success } = await env.CONTACT_LIMIT.limit({ key: `contact:${ip}` });
  return !success;
}

import { TURNSTILE_SECRET_KEY } from "astro:env/server";

export async function isHuman(token: string, ip: string, host: string) {
  const body = new URLSearchParams({ secret: TURNSTILE_SECRET_KEY, response: token, remoteip: ip });
  try {
    const response = await fetch("https://challenges.cloudflare.com/turnstile/v0/siteverify", { method: "POST", body });
    const verdict = (await response.json()) as { success: boolean; hostname?: string; action?: string };
    if (!verdict.success || verdict.action !== "contact") return false;
    return import.meta.env.DEV || verdict.hostname === host;
  } catch {
    return false;
  }
}

import { ActionError, defineAction } from "astro:actions";
import { IKIFORM_SECRET_KEY } from "astro:env/server";
import { z } from "astro/zod";
import { overLimit } from "../lib/limit";
import { isHuman } from "../lib/turnstile";

export const server = {
  sendMessage: defineAction({
    accept: "form",
    input: z.object({
      name: z.string().trim().min(1, "Tell us your name.").max(120),
      email: z.email("Enter an address we can reply to."),
      message: z.string().trim().min(10, "A few words more, please.").max(5000),
      _gotcha: z.string().optional(),
      "cf-turnstile-response": z.string().max(2048).optional(),
    }),
    handler: async (input, context) => {
      const ip = context.clientAddress;
      if (await overLimit(ip)) {
        throw new ActionError({ code: "TOO_MANY_REQUESTS", message: "Too many messages. Try again in a minute." });
      }
      if (!(await isHuman(input["cf-turnstile-response"] ?? "", ip, context.url.hostname))) {
        throw new ActionError({ code: "FORBIDDEN", message: "We couldn't confirm you're human. Try again." });
      }

      const { "cf-turnstile-response": _token, ...fields } = input;
      const origin = context.request.headers.get("origin");
      const response = await fetch("https://ikiform.com/f/frm_xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx", {
        method: "POST",
        headers: {
          Accept: "application/json",
          "Content-Type": "application/json",
          Authorization: `Bearer ${IKIFORM_SECRET_KEY}`,
          ...(origin ? { Origin: origin } : {}),
        },
        body: JSON.stringify(fields),
      });
      if (!response.ok) throw new ActionError({ code: "BAD_GATEWAY", message: "Your message didn't send. Try again." });
      return { sent: true };
    },
  }),
};

---
import { actions, isInputError } from "astro:actions";
import { PUBLIC_TURNSTILE_SITE_KEY } from "astro:env/client";

export const prerender = false;

const result = Astro.getActionResult(actions.sendMessage);
const fields = result?.error && isInputError(result.error) ? result.error.fields : {};
---

<main>
  <h1>Contact us</h1>
  {result?.data?.sent ? (
    <p role="status">Thanks. We'll reply by email.</p>
  ) : (
    <form method="POST" action={actions.sendMessage}>
      <label for="name">Name</label>
      <input id="name" name="name" autocomplete="name" required maxlength="120" />
      {fields.name && <p class="field-error">{fields.name[0]}</p>}
      <label for="email">Email</label>
      <input id="email" name="email" type="email" autocomplete="email" required />
      {fields.email && <p class="field-error">{fields.email[0]}</p>}
      <label for="message">Message</label>
      <textarea id="message" name="message" rows="5" required minlength="10"></textarea>
      {fields.message && <p class="field-error">{fields.message[0]}</p>}
      <div class="hp" aria-hidden="true">
        <label for="hp-field">Leave this empty</label>
        <input id="hp-field" name="_gotcha" type="text" tabindex="-1" autocomplete="off" />
      </div>
      <div class="cf-turnstile" data-sitekey={PUBLIC_TURNSTILE_SITE_KEY} data-action="contact"></div>
      {result?.error && !isInputError(result.error) && <p role="alert">{result.error.message}</p>}
      <button>Send message</button>
    </form>
  )}
</main>

<script is:inline src="https://challenges.cloudflare.com/turnstile/v0/api.js" async defer></script>

<style>
.hp {
  position: absolute;
  left: -10000px;
  width: 1px;
  height: 1px;
  overflow: hidden;
}
</style>

---
---

<form action="https://ikiform.com/f/frm_xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx" method="POST">
  <label for="email">Email</label>
  <input id="email" name="email" type="email" autocomplete="email" required />
  <label for="message">Message</label>
  <textarea id="message" name="message" rows="5" required minlength="10"></textarea>
  <div class="hp" aria-hidden="true">
    <input name="_gotcha" type="text" tabindex="-1" autocomplete="off" />
  </div>
  <button>Send message</button>
</form>